When data is streaming from multiple sources, conventional training methods update model weights often assuming the same level of reliability for each source; that is: a model does not consider data quality of each source during training. In many applications, sources can have varied levels of noise or corruption that has negative effects on the learning of a robust deep learning model. A key issue is that the quality of data or labels for individual sources is often not available during training and could vary over time. Our solution to this problem is to consider the mistakes made while training on data originating from sources and utilise this to create a perceived data quality for each source. This paper demonstrates a straight-forward and novel technique that can be applied to any gradient descent optimiser: Update model weights as a function of the perceived reliability of data sources within a wider data set. The algorithm controls the plasticity of a given model to weight updates based on the history of losses from individual data sources. We show that applying this technique can significantly improve model performance when trained on a mixture of reliable and unreliable data sources, and maintain performance when models are trained on data sources that are all considered reliable. All code to reproduce this work's experiments and implement the algorithm in the reader's own models is made available.

搅拌是痴呆症患病率高的神经精神症状之一，可以对日常生活（ADL）的活动产生负面影响，以及个体的独立性。检测搅拌剧集可以帮助提前及时地提供痴呆症（PLWD）的人们。分析搅拌剧集还将有助于识别可修改的因素，例如环境温度和睡眠中的睡眠，导致个体搅动。这项初步研究提出了一种监督学习模型，用于分析PLWD中搅动风险，使用家庭监控数据。家庭监控数据包括来自2019年4月2021年4月至6月至6月20日至6月20日至6月至6月间PLWD的运动传感器，生理测量和厨房电器的使用。我们应用经常性的深度学习模型，以识别验证和记录的临床监测团队验证和记录的搅拌集团。我们提出了评估拟议模型的功效的实验。拟议的模型平均召回79.78％的召回，27.66％的精确度和37.64％的F1分数在采用最佳参数时得分，表明识别搅动事件的良好能力。我们还使用机器学习模型讨论使用连续监测数据分析行为模式，并探索临床适用性以及敏感性和特异性监控应用之间的选择。

ML-based motion planning is a promising approach to produce agents that exhibit complex behaviors, and automatically adapt to novel environments. In the context of autonomous driving, it is common to treat all available training data equally. However, this approach produces agents that do not perform robustly in safety-critical settings, an issue that cannot be addressed by simply adding more data to the training set - we show that an agent trained using only a 10% subset of the data performs just as well as an agent trained on the entire dataset. We present a method to predict the inherent difficulty of a driving situation given data collected from a fleet of autonomous vehicles deployed on public roads. We then demonstrate that this difficulty score can be used in a zero-shot transfer to generate curricula for an imitation-learning based planning agent. Compared to training on the entire unbiased training dataset, we show that prioritizing difficult driving scenarios both reduces collisions by 15% and increases route adherence by 14% in closed-loop evaluation, all while using only 10% of the training data.

Real-time air pollution monitoring is a valuable tool for public health and environmental surveillance. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in air pollution forecasting and monitoring research using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Most of the prior work relied on modeling pollutant concentrations collected from ground-based monitors and meteorological data for long-term forecasting of outdoor ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and PM2.5. Given that traditional, highly sophisticated air quality monitors are expensive and are not universally available, these models cannot adequately serve those not living near pollutant monitoring sites. Furthermore, because prior models were built on physical measurement data collected from sensors, they may not be suitable for predicting public health effects experienced from pollution exposure. This study aims to develop and validate models to nowcast the observed pollution levels using Web search data, which is publicly available in near real-time from major search engines. We developed novel machine learning-based models using both traditional supervised classification methods and state-of-the-art deep learning methods to detect elevated air pollution levels at the US city level, by using generally available meteorological data and aggregate Web-based search volume data derived from Google Trends. We validated the performance of these methods by predicting three critical air pollutants (ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)), across ten major U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in 2017 and 2018.

在本文中，我们开发了一个神经网络模型，以从观察到的人类运动历史中预测未来的人类运动。我们提出了一种非自动回归的变压器体系结构，以利用其平行性质，以便在测试时更容易训练和快速，准确的预测。所提出的结构将人类运动预测分为两个部分：1）人类轨迹，即随着时间的推移，髋关节3D位置和2）人类姿势，这是所有其他关节3D位置，相对于固定的髋关节。我们建议同时做出两个预测，因为共享表示可以改善模型性能。因此，该模型由两组编码器和解码器组成。首先，应用于编码器输出的多头注意模块改善了人类轨迹。其次，应用于与解码器输出相连的编码器输出的另一个多头自发项模块有助于学习时间依赖性。我们的模型非常适合于测试准确性和速度方面的机器人应用，并且相对于最新方法比较。我们通过机器人跟踪任务证明了我们作品的现实适用性，这是我们提议的模型充满挑战而实用的案例研究。

在许多自组织系统中，从外部环境中提取必要资源的能力对于系统的增长和生存至关重要。例如，有机植物中的阳光和营养物质，商业组织中的货币收入以及群体情报行动中的移动机器人的提取。当在竞争性，不断变化的环境中运行时，此类系统必须明智地分配其内部资产，以改善和调整其提取可用资源的能力。随着系统规模的增加，资产分配过程通常会围绕多规模控制拓扑组织进行组织。根据系统的内部约束和适应性机制，该拓扑可以是静态（固定）或动态（启用生长和结构适应）。在本文中，我们扩展了一种受植物启发的资产分布模型，并引入了一个更通用的多尺度模型，可在更广泛的天然和人工系统域中。我们研究了多尺度控制过程的拓扑对系统在环境内部发生变化时自加工资产分布的能力的影响。结果表明，当环境变化发生时，系统分支之间的不同拓扑特征和不同的竞争水平会影响整体系统的盈利能力，适应性延迟和干扰。这些发现为系统设计人员提供了为其特定应用程序和执行环境选择最合适的拓扑和配置的基础。

挖掘用户生成的内容 - 例如，用于早期发现爆发或提取个人观察 - 通常存在足够缺乏足够的培训数据，短文档长度和非正式语言模型。我们提出了一种新颖的多视图主动学习模型，称为上下文感知与袋装（Cocoba）的共同测试，以解决针对查询词的分类任务中的这些问题 - 例如，检测给予疾病名称的疾病报告。 Cocoba采用用户帖子的背景来构建两个视图。然后它使用每个视图中的表示的分布来检测分配给相对类的区域。这有效地导致检测两个基本学习者不同意的背景。我们的模型还采用了一个逐个委员会模型来解决用户帖子的通常嘈杂的语言。该实验证明了我们的模型适用于多个重要的代表推特任务，并且还显着优于现有的基线。

冷冻切片（FS）是手术操作期间组织微观评估的制备方法。该程序的高速允许病理学医师快速评估关键的微观特征，例如肿瘤边距和恶性地位，以引导手术决策，并尽量减少对操作过程的干扰。然而，FS容易引入许多误导性的人工结构（组织学人工制品），例如核冰晶，压缩和切割人工制品，妨碍了病理学家的及时和准确的诊断判断。额外的培训和长期经验通常需要对冻结部分进行高度有效和时间关键的诊断。另一方面，福尔马林固定和石蜡嵌入（FFPE）的黄金标准组织制备技术提供了显着优越的图像质量，而是一种非常耗时的过程（12-48小时），使其不适合术语用。在本文中，我们提出了一种人工智能（AI）方法，通过在几分钟内将冻结的整个幻灯片（FS-WSIS）计算冻结的整个幻灯片（FS-WSIS）来改善FS图像质量。 AI-FFPE将FS人工制品终止了注意力机制的指导，该引导机制在利用FS输入图像和合成的FFPE样式图像之间利用建立的自正则化机制，以及综合相关特征的合成的FFPE样式图像。结果，AI-FFPE方法成功地生成了FFPE样式图像，而不会显着扩展组织处理时间，从而提高诊断准确性。我们证明了使用各种不同的定性和定量度量，包括来自20个董事会认证的病理学家的视觉图灵测试的各种不同的定性和定量度量。